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Gordon Alles
Gordon A. Alles (November 26, 1901 - January 21, 1963), was an American chemist and pharmacologist who did much research on the isolation and properties of insulin for the treatment of diabetics. He is also credited with discovering and publishing the psychological effects of amphetamine, and for methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA).〔On Speed: The Many Lives of Amphetamine. Nicolas Rasmussen (2008).〕 He is the first person to have prepared amphetamine sulfate, although not the amphetamine molecule. Alles first reported the physiological properties amphetamine as a synthetic analog of ephedrine, and therefore received credit for this discovery.〔Staff, (1963) (''Gordon A. Alles.'' The Month at Caltech. ) Engineering and Science, 26 (5). pp. 18-19. ISSN 0013-7812]〕 He enjoyed large royalties from Smith, Kline & French (SKF) because he sold his patent rights for amphetamine to the company and it enjoyed large sales. Several popular products sold by SKF contained amphetamine including Benzedrine pills and inhalers, Dexedrine pills, and Dexamyl tablets. Counterfeit drugs appeared, trying to violate Alles' 'weak' patent, e.g., "Profetamine".〔
==Career==
Alles received his BS (1922), MS (1924), and PhD (1926) degrees from California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Since 1931 he had been a lecturer in pharmacology at the University of California Medical School in San Francisco, and since 1951 he had been Professor in Residence of pharmacology at UCLA. From 1934 to 1951 he was a consultant for the SKF laboratories.〔(University of California History. Los Angeles: Departments. )〕 He was owner of the Alles Chemical Research Laboratories in Pasadena, and had been a Caltech research associate since 1939. In 1958 he gave Caltech a gift of $350,000 which financed, in large part, the five-story Gordon A. Alles Laboratory for Molecular Biology.〔〔http://www.videojug.com/interview/how-amphetamines-got-started-2〕
Alles was primarily interested in natural and synthetic drug chemicals and the relationship between their molecular structures and their biological actions.〔(Schultes, Richard Evans; ''Ethnobotany: Evolution of a discipline'' )〕 In 1928 he discovered the physiological properties of benzedrine (amphetamine) and he contributed to its development as a drug. This drug and dextroamphetamine, which was developed from the discovery, have had worldwide medical use as general brain stimulants.〔http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/meth.alles.html〕
Alles had also spent time in Tahiti, where he was investigating the possibilities of developing tranquilizers from alkaloids in a native drink called kava.〔
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